Turkish Denial of Armenian Genocide
For nationalistic and other politically-motivated reasons, the Republic of Turkey officially rejects the notion that a genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman empire ever took place. The Turkish government claims that the deaths were the results of fighting in World War I rather than a deliberate, systematic elimination of Armenians. This denial continues despite an overwhelming body of evidence to the contrary, as well as a growing movement of Turkish intellectuals and activists calling for official recognition.
This page will document the tactics and history of Turkey's massive campaign to coverup and deny the Armenian Genocide, even extending to accusing Armenians themselves of Genocide.
Tactics and Arguments
- Twelve Ways To Deny A Genocide - by Israel Charny
- Common Denialist Arguments
- Common Denialist Questions
Media Stunts
- TIME Magazine: Anti-Genocide DVD Scandal
- Turkish History Institution President- Armenians Committed Genocide
- Quarter-page advertisement denying the Armenian Genocide in the Washington Post
- Turkish Parliament Request for Retraction of British Parliament Armenian Genocide Document
Lobbying
- Turkey tries to censor Microsoft Encarta entry on the Armenian Genocide (08/2000)
- Turkish effort to censor Microsoft Encarta entry on Armenian Genocide (9/29/2000)
- Turkey Wins Removal Of Armenian Genocide From German Schools
- Exclusion of Armenian Genocide from Holocaust Remembrance Day in England (12/13/2000)
Archives
Individuals and Organizations associated with the Denial of the Armenian Genocide
- Listing of Individuals (historical figures, scholars, diplomats, politicians, etc)
- Scholars Who Signed No-Genocide Ad - Published by the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide
- Recipients of Turkish Government Money - all those claiming there was no genocide seem to fall into this list
Tall Armenian Tale - Notorious Denialist Website
- "Quotes" page - a page of quotes that find their way into many forums and blogs online.
Anti-Denialism
- Turkish Writer Shames Ankara For Denial of Armenian Genocide
- Why EU-Turkey Must address Genocide
- German Parliament Deals Fatal Blow To Turkish Denial of Genocide
Excerpts from:
Turks Cause Worldwide Outcry
By Canceling Genocide Conference
By Harut Sassounian
Publisher, The California Courier
June 2, 2005
Three of Turkey's most prestigious universities had organized a conference that was to take place in Istanbul, May 25-27, 2005 on "Ottoman Armenians During the Decline of the Empire: Issues of Scientific Responsibility and Democracy." Invited to this conference from around the world were only those Turkish scholars who did not accept the Turkish government's denial of the Armenian Genocide.
Minister Cicek, speaking on the floor of the Turkish Parliament, called these Turkish scholars "traitors" and accused them of "stabbing the Turkish nation in the back." He made this statement after several so-called historians, who are hired by the government to deny the Armenian Genocide, complained that they were not invited to this conference. A few members of the parliament also attacked the organizers of the conference for betraying Turkey's interests.
Fearing that these scholars were about to disclose a version of history which was not in line with that approved by the Turkish government, the Governor of Istanbul called Ayse Soysal, the rector of Bogazici University, the day before the conference, and ordered her to cancel the meeting. She declined. She also refused requests later that day from the Chief Public Prosecutor to hand over the texts of the papers to be delivered at the conference. In such an atmosphere of insults, slander, intimidation and threats, the organizers were left with no choice but to cancel the conference.
Here are some of the reactions to the cancellation of the conference:
- Several congressmen made remarks on the House floor questioning Turkey's democratic credentials and its qualification for EU membership (Cong. Frank Pallone, Joe Knollenberg, Adam Schiff, George Radanovich, Thaddeus McCotter and Steve Rothman).
- Statement issued by the Prof. Tosun Terzioglu, the President of Sabanci University, one of the organizers of the conference, expressing distress and displeasure at the cancellation of the conference.
- Press conference held by Professors Selim Deringil and Edhem Eldem, professors of history at the Bosphorus University, the host of the conference. Prof. Eldem said: "The one that would lose the most as a consequence of these developments will, unfortunately, be Turkey."
- Declaration by Orhan Silier, the Director of the Turkish Historical Foundation.
- Press releases issued by the Zoryan Institute, the ANCA and the Armenian Assembly.
- A joint declaration by the conference organizers and participants. -- Letter to Prime Minister Erdogan from Prof. Ali Banuazizi, the President of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, calling on Turkey, as a member of the Council of Europe and a signatory of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, to protect the rights of the Turkish scholars.
- Dispatches released by international wire services (AP, Reuters, AFP) and articles published in hundreds of newspapers and magazines around the world, including The Chronicle of Higher Education, criticizing the cancellation of the genocide conference.
- Statements of condemnation issued by various European political parties and EU officials. "The remarks of the Justice Minister are unacceptable. This is an authoritarian approach raising questions over Turkey's reform process," a diplomat from an EU country told AFP.
- The International Association of Genocide Scholars issued a statement calling the cancellation of the conference "a major violation of basic standards of academic freedom in the free world."
- 154 scholars from 11 Turkish universities signed a joint letter protesting the violation of the academic independence of universities.
- The Izmir Contemporary Attorneys' Association and the Izmir Human Rights Association filed charges against the Justice Minister. They accused the Minister of violating several articles of the Turkish constitution, along with articles of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights.
- Dogu Ergil, in a commentary in the Turkish Daily News, ridiculed Prime Minister Erdogan's repeated calls to leave the issue of the Armenian Genocide to historians. "The last decision of the government was to 'leave the matter to the historians.' Well, it is the historians who are taking on the initiative now. No, oh, no! They are the 'wrong' historians and scholars because they do not accept and repeat the same political position adopted by the officialdom," wrote Ergil.
Despite this worldwide outcry, Cicek insists that he stands behind his words and does not regret calling the scholars traitors.
Turkey Refuses To Register YBC's Ararat Brandy
Turkey refused to register the Ararat brand of Yerevan Brandy Company, President and Director General of YBC Herve Caroff.
Caroff said that Turkish officials explained their denial by the fact that Ararat is in Turkish territory of Turkey and does not belong to Armenia, hereby the Ararat trademark of YBC cannot be registered in Turkey.
YBC has appealed the refusal, but its claim has not been satisfied, Herve Caroff says. He says YBC policy is to register its trademarks in the markets it intends to enter.
YBC trademarks are registered in 48 countries, and its production is sold in 25 countries.
Excerpt from:
Berlin remembers - Istanbul forgets
(c) Turkish Daily News
Sunday, June 5, 2005
OPINIONS
Elif SAFAK
I used to live in Istanbul on the Street of Cauldron Makers, a steep, old street once populated by ethnic minorities in the 1940s; but then they were gone, ousted by sexual minorities in the late 1970s. A street that reflected so much of Istanbul's cosmopolitan essence and multilayered history essentially disappeared. Today, only a few traces are left from each group of the street's former residents: Traces that only those who are already familiar with its history can truly appreciate. There are no written remnants, nor are there written documents. If there could be a plaque on that snaky street in Istanbul saying, "On Sept. 6 and 7, 1955, a bunch of Turkish nationalists gathered here and shattered the windows of stores of non-Muslim minorities and looted the merchandise of Jewish, Armenian and Greek merchants and rolled it all along this steep street."
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE DEBATE LANDS IN COURT By Brad Harrison Tuesday, November 1, 2005
The Daily Item of Lynn, MA Oct 31 2005
The debate about what happened to 1.5 million Christian Armenians between 1915 and 1923 continues, this time in U.S. District Court in Boston.
The issue is now at the center of a lawsuit over how students in Massachusetts should be taught in public schools.
"When I heard about this lawsuit, I turned a little scarlet," said Mary Foley, of Peabody.
Foley, the sister of the late mayor Peter Torigian and the daughter of two survivors of the Armenian Genocide, grew up hearing about the aggression toward the Armenians by the Turks.
"I don't know who these people are who filed the lawsuit, but they didn't have any relatives go through what my parents did."
Foley's mother had lost both parents and lived in orphanages throughout the Mediterranean with her sisters; Foley's father had lost his first wife, his young son, and his brother during that time.
"I grew up hearing about it and seeing the pain and anguish that my parents suffered," she said.
But the people who filed the lawsuit argue that whether the Armenian killings constitute genocide has not been firmly settled by history.
Students, they say, should also be exposed to a "contra-genocide" version of events espoused by Turkish groups who claim the Armenian deaths were one of the tragic offshoots of the war.
The lawsuit about how to present in the classroom what had happened during that eight-year period was filed last Wednesday by two high school teachers and a student and the Assembly of Turkish American Associations.
They are suing state education officials in federal court, challenging a law that set guidelines for teaching students about human rights violations.
The law, which went into effect in 1999, specifically lists the Holocaust, the Mussolini fascist regime, the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and the Armenian Genocide.
"We are not taking sides on the ultimate issue of whether there was an Armenian Genocide. We are simply insisting that both sides be allowed to have a place at the table," said Harvey Silverglate, a Boston civil rights lawyer who represents the plaintiffs.
"That is so students can look at historical resources and make their own decisions. That's what we call education," he said.
"I don't see any lawsuits being filed about any other genocides," said Richard Yagjian of Peabody. Yagjian is the son of two survivors of the Armenian Genocide. "I think it's an effort to try to eradicate the historical references to it."
In 1915, Turkish Ottoman authorities began arresting and deporting Armenian leaders. Armenians say that over the next eight years, up to 1.5 million Armenians were killed as part of an ethnic cleansing campaign by the Turks.
At that time, U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Henry Morganthau reported back to Washington, D.C. stories that parallel much of what Armenians who had escaped were telling.
Turkey acknowledges that large numbers of Armenians died, but says the 1.5 million figure is inflated and that the deaths occurred in civil unrest during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, when Armenians sided with invading Russian forces during the war.
The lawsuit, filed last Wednesday, alleges that the state is violating the free-speech rights of the plaintiffs by excluding the Turkish point of view.
The lawsuit claims that education officials bowed to political pressure from Armenian groups who called the Turkish resources "racist," including one organization they said had engaged in a "disgraceful denial of mass murder and genocide."
But James Peyser, chairman of the state Board of Education, who is named as a defendant in the lawsuit, said that the resources and Web sites suggested by the Turkish groups "are not academic sites."
"If there were intelligent, credible works of history that provide independent and academically sound treatment of these events that did not necessarily characterize them as genocide, I would certainly be willing to include them in the guidelines, but I haven't received any such material at this point, and the Web sites don't qualify," Peyser said.
Bill Schechter, a history teacher at Lincoln-Sudbury High School, said he does not know enough to know which side is correct in the genocide debate. He said he became a plaintiff in the lawsuit because he believes students should have access to all points of view.
"I want the freedom to study different perspectives and to be able to teach different perspectives and to offer them to students in my classroom," he said.
Narguiz Abbaszade, executive director of the Assembly of Turkish American Associations, said the lawsuit is not meant to decide the genocide question.
"The courts in Massachusetts do not have the jurisdiction or the expertise to settle it," she said. "This is us saying the students in school should have access to both sides of the story, to have access to the full picture."
U.S. Rep. John Tierney says there is no question that the Armenian Genocide occurred.
"The human rights violations resulting in the mass killings of Armenians on and after 1915 in Turkey are well documented and that is presumably why the Massachusetts law lists the Armenian genocide alongside other examples of man's inhumanity to man," he said.
However, the U.S. government, which considers Turkey an important ally and military partner, does not use the term "genocide" to describe the Armenian deaths. Last month, the Bush administration disavowed two resolutions passed by a Congressional committee to classify the 1915-1923 killings as genocide.
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Example from a Turkish textbook
This is the 12th grade history textbook History of Revolution and Ataturkism 12, published by Devlet Kitapları (State Books) in 2022
| “ | 1.3.6. The Events of 1915, the Relocation and Resettlement of Armenians
The Ottoman Empire successfully ruled for centuries with justice, managing to bring together people of different languages, religions, and ethnicities to live together in peace. The Armenians, one of the components of this harmonious structure, took on roles in the upper echelons of administration as in all other fields. However, the Western powers' provocation of different ethnic groups to realize their political and economic ambitions over the Ottoman Empire disrupted the peace in the country. Non-Muslim nations engaged in activities that could harm the Ottoman Empire in order to establish their national unity. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), the Russians began to incite Armenians living in the cities they occupied against the Ottoman State. In this process, Armenians organized bloody actions by establishing various associations and societies. Taking advantage of the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I, Armenian gangs started to create unrest and massacre defenseless Turks in many places in Anatolia, such as Van, Erzurum, Bitlis, and Diyarbakır. In response to these events, the Ottoman State had to take various measures. With the decision made on April 24, 1915, the committees established by Armenians (such as Dashnaktsutyun, Hunchak, etc.) were closed, and arrest warrants were issued for committee members. Despite all the measures taken, as the Armenian incidents did not subside, the Ottoman State enacted the Migration and Resettlement Law on May 27, 1915. According to this law, Armenians who acted against government orders, national integrity, and security, and who participated in terrorist activities were subjected to migration to Syria and Iraq, which were Ottoman territories. Within the framework of the Migration and Resettlement Law. The Armenians were to be transported safely and securely to the regions designated for them. Their subsistence would be provided by the state until they settled into their new homes. They would be given properties and land according to their previous financial status. Housing would be constructed by the government for those in need. Seeds, tools, and supplies would be provided to farmers and agricultural workers. The movable properties they left behind would be delivered to them, and after the identification and valuation of the immovable properties, it was decided that these would be distributed to Muslim migrants who would settle there. With the end of World War I, the Ottoman Government issued a Return Decree on December 31, 1918, allowing Armenians who wanted to return to their former places of residence. The Ottoman government, without the intention of massacring or committing genocide against the Armenians, implemented forced migration measures deemed necessary for state security during the war. The decisions and actions of the Ottoman state during this process are not steps taken by a state with genocidal intent, as claimed. According to the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention, genocide is the act of deliberately inflicting serious bodily and psychological harm upon members of an ethnic or religious group, imposing measures to prevent births, and subjecting them to living conditions intended to bring about their partial or complete destruction. None of the documents from the period mention the massacre of the Armenians, nor do they even imply such a situation. Furthermore, it is evident from documents that many foreign journalists and missions, including American consuls, followed and even photographed the migration process and did not speak of a massacre. On the other hand, the British sent many of the Ottoman leaders they accused of genocide to Malta for trial, but ultimately found no evidence to convict them. The Armenian Question, raised with arguments far from reality, is kept on the agenda with unfounded claims. Despite all the measures taken by the Ottoman State, Armenians lost their lives during migration due to reasons such as transportation difficulties, adverse weather conditions, and epidemics. Armenians and their supporters claim that 1.5 million Armenians lost their lives during the migration process. However, even during that period, there were not that many Armenians within the total population of the Ottoman State. It is absolutely impossible for the stated numbers of Armenian losses to be accurate. Therefore, accusing the Ottoman State of an intentional, planned, and inhumane act such as "genocide" based on this claim does not align with historical facts. Contrary to the claim that Armenians were subjected to genocide, during this process, Armenian gangs massacred hundreds of thousands of Turks. It has been documented in the official records of the occupying states how a significant number of Armenians were present alongside the Russian, British, and French forces that occupied Turkey and played a role in the unimaginable torture and massacres of the Muslim population. Furthermore, it is known that a large number of Armenians also withdrew from Anatolia after the occupiers left. |
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